Milestones in the History of Society Toxicology of India Part 2: Dr PK Gupta Founder, STOX

Milestones in the History of Society Toxicology of India Part 2: Dr PK Gupta Founder, STOX
Past Memories

The Society of Toxicology, India (STOX) being founder member of IUTOX, organized the 2nd Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries"(CTDCs) in 1991 in Ashoka Hotel, New Delhi. Dr PK Gupta founder of the STOX is seen with Honorable Shri Kamal Nath,Union Minister of Environment and Forestry, Dr PK Ray Organizing Secretary of the Conference and and Dr PK Seth. Almost 700 delegates from India and abroad attended the meeting.

(i)  "Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries"(CTDCs) were integrated as an IUTOX activity. The first CTDC was held in Argentina in 1987 as an independent initiative and has been held once in every four years since then: India (1991), Egypt (1995), Turkey(1999), China(2003) and Crotia (2006). It was my privilege to be the chairman of the committee to organize a symposium in Crotia and delivered invited lecture related to Biopesticides. Since then CTDC is being organized regularly after every three years in various countries as an IUTOX activity, in accordance with the major aims of the CTDCs, which are,

1.      promoting toxicology in developing countries.
2.      providing a platform where the toxicological issues and problems that mainly concern the developing countries are addressed.
3.      promoting cooperation between scientists from developed and developing countries to work on the specific toxicological problems of the developing world.
The congress is one of memorable one and broad India on the world map. 

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Milestones in the History of Toxicology of India by Prof PK Gupta Founder Director, International Union of Toxicology

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 Edit articDr Pawan Kumar Gupta is with top toxicologists of the WoMilestones in the History of Toxicology of India by Prof PK Gupta Founder Director, International Union of Toxicology

Past Memories

After return from USA in 1979, myself initiated the formation of Society of Toxicology in India (STOX). The same was got registered with appropriate authorities. As a Founder Director of International Union of Toxicology (IUTOX), I had to attend IUTOX in 1980 in Belgium. The purpose of th meeting was to discuss the future of this specialized branch of toxicology, steps to be taken for the growth and development and to identify the venue for the next International Congress of Toxicology. Dr Gupta is seen with Prof S L Friess USA; Prof D Henschler Germany; Prof B Holmstedt Sweden; Prof R G Burford Canada; Prof C Hodel Switzerland; Pof W N Aldridge UK. Prof E Fournier France. Prof M Ikeda Japan and Prof G Plaa Canada. 

As Founder of STOX, I took advantage of this opportunity to get the same not only affiliated with IUTOX but got the membership as Founder member of IUTOX (which is only global organization in the field of toxicology). Further on my persuation I could convince them for reduced membership fee for STOX (that was almost on tenth of the fee applicable to ther societies). Immediately I paid my personal in cash. Since the STOX is a founder member of IUTOX. Since then, STOX is regularly organizing conferences, have a peer reviewed PubMed indexed scientific journal “Toxicology International”. Besides National and International Conferences, with the efforts of Dr Ray, Dr Seth, Dr Gupta and many others, the society also organized 2nd Congress of Toxicology of Developing Countries which was held in 1992 in Ashoka Hotel, New Delhi. As a Founder Editor-in-Chief of the Journal "TOXICOLOGY INTERNATIONAL" and Founder PRESIDENT of SOCIETY OF TOXICOLOGY I wish the society all success. 

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Series by Gupta 17: MCQ'S IN TOXICOLOGY WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

MCQ'S IN TOXICOLOGY WITH                            ILLUSTRATIONS 

(ILLUSTRATIVE TOXICOLOGY) 

 by PK Gupta 1st ed 2018 pages 640

Ist Edition 2018 MCQ in Toxicology book contains more than 3400 MCQ’s, 250 illustrations and more than 30 tables (Illustrative Toxicology) authored by PK Gupta published by Elsevier /Academic Press USA pages 640 has been considered as an Outstanding document by BOOK OF RECORDS. This book covers a wide range of core toxicological areas which is aimed to make the study of toxicology simple and understandable through key points, short-problem-solving and objective questions. For more details visit:  https://www.elsevier.com/books/illustrated-toxicology/gupta/978-0-12-813213-5 

Illustrated Toxicology: With Study Questions is an essential, practical resource for self-study and guidance catering to a broad spectrum of students.

The book “Illustrative Toxicology, with Question Bank” is aimed to make the study of toxicology simple and understandable through illustrations, images, custom made drawings, self-explanatory tables, and questions and answers collated from standard and authoritative textbooks, and widely scanned. The author’s own experience in different branches of toxicology including environmental and veterinary toxicology has been abstracted in this book. The book has been written in a manner to stimulate interest on various facets of the subject and make it more exciting. It is general experience that theoretical description does not attract as much attention and interest as the illustrations and images. At the same time the information learnt through questions and their satisfactory replies make the topics easier to grasp them.

The book provides comprehensive quick reference for various examinations. However, it should be noted that this book serves only as a supplement and not as a replacement for any textbook and class room learning. 

The book has 17 chapters that cover several topics such as general toxicology, principles of toxicology, risk assessment, disposition, mechanism of toxicity, toxic effects of various xenobiotics, poisonings of poisonous and venomous organisms, plant toxins, poisonous and food poisonings, radiation hazards and, abuse of drugs. The book also deals with the adverse effects on environment and ecosystem exposed to various toxicants and poisonings as relevant to domestic and other animals. One chapter is exclusively devoted to clinical toxicology, principles of diagnosis, followed by general management of poisoning of the patients including methods of removal of poisons from the body and treatment of poisoning. Finally, a chapter deals with brain storming questions that will be helpful as a review for students so that they understand the concepts delivered. 

Each chapter is in the format of questions and answers, data interpretation, multiple choice questions, true and false statements or correct/ incorrect statements, fill in blanks, and matching the statements. Unique book in toxicology having more than 31 self- explanatory tables, 237 custom made illustrations and images, and about 3400 questions and answers. Useful for students, teachers and practicing in medical sciences, toxicology, pharmacology, medicine, pharmacy, environmental toxicology and in veterinary sciences. Therefore, I believe that this book would be:

1. A good alternative to be used for various courses and an excellent contribution for the students who needs a study aid for toxicology but wants more than a textbook as they need a self-testing regime. 

2. The teachers of toxicology who needs inspiration when composing questions for their students.

3. The established toxicologists who wants to test their own knowledge of understanding the subject matter. 

4. Will be useful at universities and colleges, in industry for in-house training courses in toxicology which I know exist in some pharmaceutical and chemical companies

5. Required for studying for the toxicology Boards and for preparation of different examinations. 

Thus, the main strength of the book is that it reflects the breadth and multi-disciplinary nature of toxicology with illustrative approach to the subject that is needed to improve engagement with and understanding of the subject having a very wide audience.

Toxicology is a rapidly evolving field. Suggestions and comments are welcome to help the author improve the contents of the book. Please also suggest the deficiencies need o be covered at drpkg_brly@yahoo.co.in or drpkg1943@gmail.com if you have any topics you feel should be better covered in any future editions.

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Award of Fellowships and Gold Medal Awards-Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare

Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare

The Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare is a Professional animal welfare society constituted to “Help Spread Kindness to Animals” and to enhance human, animal, and environmental health including ethical treatment of animals. The academy is recognized by the Animal Welfare Board of India under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change (formerly Ministry of Environment and Forests), Government of India
MISSION
a) Scientific Integrity

b) To provide veterinary assistance and prevent cruelty against animals.

c) Enhancement of human, animal and environmental health.

d) Scientific diversity and use of minimum animals for research and development and promote use of alternatives to laboratory animal.

Award of Fellowships

Eligibility

Fellowships of ASAW are available for those are either associate of the academy or who have interest in the field of animal welfare and are interested to prevent cruelty in animals or through use of minimum animals in research and development having more than three experience as evident from his qualifications. work.The candidate must send information through online as given below

The information may also be send on duly prescribed form

Awards (Gold medal and certificate)

ASAW Surajben JethalalThaker Prakruti Mandir Awards

1. Use of minimum animal in research (in vitro models).

2. Prevention of cruelty to animals.

Use of minimum animal in research (in vitro models)

Eligibility: Only fellows of ASAW are eligible for the award. The award is for the minimum use of animals in research and development using in vitro techniques and development of models to replace the use of animals in research.

Prevention of cruelty to animal

This award is for the field workers and NGO’s for the efforts made in the prevention of cruelty to animals.

date is June 30 of every year.

Award: Certificate and Gold plated Medal

Fee: no fee applicable

Criteria for selection

Brief statement (not exceeding 250 words) describing as to how the ends were achieved in respect of objectives are to be submitted by the prospective candidates along with brief curriculum vitae including e-mail address or contact cell number.

Recommendations from any scientific society, or from fellows of Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare or from Fellows of the Society of Toxicology, India or from the National Institutes or Universities may also be submitted with the application for the award.

Nominations: The nomination are to be sent to the president ASAW at the following address.

Please note: There is no specific format for the application. Biodata and a paragraph indicating how the goals were achieved (4 copies of abstracts of 250 words and two passport size photographs) should be submitted.

For details plz visit

http://www.animalwelfareindia.org/fellowship/ or contact

1asaw1943@gmail.com

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PK Gupta Series 16:: Toxicology (MCQs)

Prof PK Gupta Founder and
Editor-in-Chief "Toxicology International"

PK Gupta Series 16: Toxicology (MCQs)

Introduction

This series cover a range of core toxicological areas, including principles of toxicity, metals, micronutrients, poisonous organisms, pesticides, radioactive materials and poisonous plants, target organ, non-target organ toxicity, etc. Each section is supplemented with practical exercises to support active learning. This will help readers gain a deeper understanding of toxicology.

Exercise

Q.1. amphipathic xenobiotics that can become trapped in lysosomes and cause phospholipidosis include all of the following except ------.

a) ethylene glycol

b) amiodarone

c) amitriptyline

d) fluoxetine

Q.2. which of the following parent toxicant-electrophilic metabolite pairs is incorrect?

a) halothane  - phosgene

b) bromobenzene    - bromobenzene 3, 4 oxide

c) benzene – muconic aldehyde

d) allyl alcohol - acrolein

Q.3. all of the following are capable of accepting the electrons from reductases and forming radicals except ----------

a) paraquat

b) doxorubicin

c) n-hexane

d) nitrofurantoin

Q.4. an example of the formation of an electrophilic toxicant from an inorganic chemical is -

a) CO to CO2

b) AsO4

c) NO to NO2

d) hydroxide ion to water

Q.3. the general mechanism for detoxification of electrophiles is -----

a) conjugation with glucuronic acid

b) conjugation with acetyl CoA

c) conjugation with glutathione

d) conjugation with sulphate

Q.6. the most common nucleophilic detoxification reaction that amines undergo is ----

a) acetylation

b) sulfation

c) methylation

d) amino acid conjugation

Q.7. detoxification mechanisms fail because ------

a) toxicants may over helm the detoxification process

b) a reactive toxicant may inactivate a detoxicating enzyme.

c) detoxication may produce toxic by-product

d) all of the above

Q.8. the most potent carcinogen derived from nicotine is ----.

a) naphthene

b) styrene

c) nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)

d) meth tert-butyl ketone

Q.9. hydroxyl radical can be produced by all of the following except ----

a) the action of nitric oxide synthetase on water

b) interaction of ionizing radiation and water

c) reductive homolytic fission of hydrogen peroxide

d) interaction of silica with surface iron ions in lung tissue

Q.10. if an electrophile is covalently bound to a protein that does not play a critical function, the result is considered a -----.

a) toxication reaction

b) detoxication reaction

c) MNA adduct formation

d) Fenton reaction

Answers

1.a;     2. a;    3. c;    4. b;    3. c;    6. a;    7. d;    8. c;    9.a ;    10. b;

Exercise

Q. 1 which of the following receptor-exogenous ligand pairs is incorrect?

a) estrogen receptor-- zearalenone

b) glucocorticoid receptor -- dexamethsasone

c) aryl hydrocarbon receptor --rifampicin

d) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor -- clofibrate

Q.2. which of the following receptor-agonist pairs incorrect?

a) glutamate receptor --kainate

b) glycine receptor –strychnine

c) GABA (A) receptor --muscimol

d) opioid receptor -- meperidine

Q.3. which of the following receptor- antagonist pairs is incorrect

a) adrenergic beta I receptor- metopronol

b) serotonin (2) receptor –ketanserin

c) glutamate receptor --ketamine

d) GABA (A) receptor-- avermectins

Q.4. clonidine overdose mimics poisoning with ---

a) morphine

b) cocaine

c) phencyclidine

d) amphetamine

Q.3. all of the following act as inhibitors of the citric acid cycle except ---

a) 4- pentenoic acid

b) fluoroaceate

c) DCVC (S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine)

d) malonate

Q.6. all of the following are inhibitors of ADP phosphorylation except ---

a) oligomycin

b) DDT

c)ethanol

d) N-ethylmaleimide

Q.7. all of the following cause calcium influx into the cytoplasm except ----

a) capsaicin

b) formate

c)domoate

d) amphotericin B

Q.8. all of the following inhibit calcium export from the cyptoplasm except ---

a) vanadate

b) methyl mercury

c) bromobenzene

d) carbon tetrachloride

Q.9. hydroxyl radical is enzymatically detoxified by ---

a) catalase

b) glutathione peroxide

c) glutathione reductase

d) none of the above

Q.10. which of the following regarding cell death is true

a) necrosis requires ATP

b) release of cytochrome c usually triggers necrosis

c) toxicants at low doses usually cause apoptosis and necrosis at higher doses

d) apoptosis is never a desirable effect

Answers

1.c;     2.b ;    3.d ;    4.a ;    3.a ;    6.c ;    7. b;    8.b ;    9.d ;    10. c;

Exercise

Q.1. major target molecules for toxicants include all of the following except ----

a) proteins

b) vitamins

c) DNA

d) lipids

Q.2. all of the following toxins act by enzymatic reaction except ---

a) ricin

b) anthrax

c) tetrodotoxin

d) botulinum

Q.3. apoptotic pathways can be initiated by -----

a) DNA damage

b) mitochondrial insult

c) death-receptor stimulation

d) all of the above

Q.4. the enzyme that repairs oxidized protein thiols is called -------

a) HMG- coenzyme A reductase

b) adenyl cyclase

c) phospholipase

d) none of the above

Q.3. the mechanism of action for bleomycin-induced lung injury is presumed to include -----

a) DNA-adduct formation

b) generation of reactive oxygen species 

c) inhibition of cytochrome oxidase

d) none of the above

Q.6. all of the following are true of oxidative DNA damage except ---

a) mitochondrial DNA is much more resistant to damage that nuclear DNA

b) B-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in the urine is a marker

c) it can lead to base pair transversions

d) it can lead to a point mutation

Q.7. an example of denatured protein is --

a) Golgi complex

b) micronuclei

c)Heinz body

d) histone

Q.8. an important feature of lipid peroxidation is ---

a) it cannot be blocked by antioxidants

b) damage can be propagated in a chain reaction-like manner

c) it never involves the Fenton reaction

d) the end products are different from the end products of the reaction of lipids with ozone

Q.9. all of the following are true regarding mechanisms of immune system toxicology except ---

a)  TCDD induced thymic atrophy may be mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

b) the addition of a happen to a protein may cause a conformational change that displays previously hidden antigenic regions

c) oral exposure of a xenobiotic is associated with a much greater chance of an immune reaction than by other routes.

d) the “danger hypothesis” refers to a break in immune tolerance to an antigen triggered by signals initiated by cellular or systemic stress.

Q.10. which statement is true regarding the PPAR alpha-receptor

a) stimulation causes peroxisome proliferation in humans

b) they are present in adipose tissues

c) they are involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation

d) thiazolidinediones act as ligands

Answers

1, b;    2. c ;   3.d ;    4. d;    3.b ;    6.a ;    7.c ;    8.b ;    9.c ;    10. c.

FURTHER READING

Gupta PK (2016) Fundamentals of Toxicology: Essential concepts and applications. 1st Edition. ISBN-9780128054260, pp 438, BSP/Elsevier, USA https://www.elsevier.com/books/fundamentals-of-toxicology/.../978-0-12-805426-0

Gupta PK (2018) Illustrative Toxicology with Question bank. 1st Edition. Elsevier, USA pp 640 https://www.elsevier.com/books/illustrated-toxicology/gupta/978-0-12-813213-5

Gupta PK (2018) Toxicology: Resource for Self-Study Questions: Ist Ed pp550 Published by  All Solutions You Need: www. http://allsolutionsyouneed.blogspot.com, Kinder direct publications: Amazon.com https://www.amazon.com/TOXICOLOGY-Resource-Self-Study...ebook/.../B07DDFW...

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